Academic Genealogy of American Physicists

" In the early twentieth century, American physicists considered their education incomplete without studying one or two years in Europe. The situation changed in 1930s. Americans have dominated in receiving Nobel Prize in Physics since fiftieth. As of year the 2002, the Nobel Prize for Physics were awarded to 75 for U.S.A., 22 for Germany and 19 for Great Britain. The American Physical Society was founded in 1899 with 59 members and increased to 42,007 in 2002. The influx of many capable European physicists moved to the United States in 1930s helped continuous development of American physics. Columbia, Harvard, MIT, Princeton, Chicago, UC Berkeley, Cornell, Yale and Caltech have played important roles in delivering productive researches and providing Ph.D. physicists in the United States. In 1914, only 23 Ph.Ds in Physics graduated and increased to 548 in 1954. In 2000, the number increased to 1393. In this paper, teacher-student relations for prominent American physicists are described. "